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This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. The images above are simple cross sections of a typical spool valve (left) and a poppet valve (right). (Courtesy of ...

Four-stroke engines, which make up 99% of engines on the road, need to breathe: air in during intake, sealed tight during compression and combustion, then air out on exhaust. So we need a system that ...

Major and minor valve seat diameters are most easily checked for consistency with a pair of dividers during seat grinding operation. This assures proper seat width. The answer to the question posed by ...