Mesopotamia, situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, is recognized as the earliest cradle of civilization due to ...

New research suggests that climate change may have played a decisive role in the collapse of the long lost Indus Valley civilisation.

Globalization, migration, climate change and war—nation states are currently under huge pressure on many fronts.

New research reveals why not just agriculture but also cereal grains were crucial to the formation of humanity’s first states ...

The cultivation of wheat, barley and maize, which are easily stored and taxed, seems to have led to the emergence of large ...

The Indus Valley civilization, located in present-day Pakistan and India, went through four periods of intense drought, which ...

A new book argues that civilizations built on centralized wealth and power contain the seeds of their own destruction.

Discover which city is known as the world’s first city. Explore the key innovations in writing, architecture, and social life ...

The Amazon is the most powerful river in the world. With an average discharge of over 209,000 m³/s, it pours 20% of all global freshwater into the ocean. Learn about its massive 6,400 km length and 7 ...

A new scientific study suggests that the sudden collapse of the ancient Indus River Valley civilization, known for its ...

New climate research suggests centuries-long river droughts weakened one of the world’s earliest urban societies — and offers ...